Laurent Pilon, Ph.D
University of California, Los Angeles, USA
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Dept.
Institute of the Environment and Sustainability
California Nanosystems Institute
Friday, Sept. 18th at 3pm
Email for a Zoom link
ABSTRACT: Building operations account for about 40% of total US primary energy resource consumption. Approximately 30-40% of this energy is consumed for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC). In addition, direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from buildings accounts for approximately 12% of the total GHG emission in the U.S., mainly due to combustion of fossil fuels for heating in the winter months. The easiest way to reduce building energy consumption and the associated GHG emissions is to reduce heat losses through the building envelope. Moreover, windows are arguably the weakest constituent of the building envelope. While double pane windows have excellent thermal, optical, and acoustic performance, their adoption has been relatively slow. In fact, between 30 and 40% of single pane windows remain in use in the Northeastern/Midwestern and Southern regions of the US, respectively. This presentation will describe the synthesis and characterization of novel building materials and their impact on building energy consumptions.
First, a common strategy to improve building energy efficiency is to use materials with a large thermal mass such as concrete or brick. While these materials can store large amounts of energy per unit mass, they operate passively. Here, we will discuss embedding phase change materials (PCMs) in cementitious composite building materials to add an active dimension to the thermal behavior of building envelope. Indeed, by reversibly undergoing melting and freezing during the course of a day, PCMs are able to actively and adaptively absorb and release their latent heat. This, in turns, reduces and delays the thermal load on the building and reduces the cost for HVAC operations.
Second, we will present new synthesis methods and characterization of both thermally insulating and optically transparent mesoporous silica monoliths. The thermal conductivity of transparent materials (e.g., glass) can be reduced by introducing porosity. However, it is typically accompanied by the presence of large pores which scatter visible light and render the material opaque or translucent instead of transparent. Here, we present thick mesoporous silica monoliths synthesized at room temperature and atmospheric pressure and featuring porosity up to 90% with narrow pore size distribution with all pores less than 20 nm in diameter resulting in excellent optical clarity and very low thermal conductivity. Finally, the thermal performance of the windows solution integrating these new materials will be discussed in terms of U-value and solar heat gain coefficient.
BIO: Laurent Pilon received his B.S. and M.S. in Applied Physics from the Grenoble Institute of Technology, France and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, USA in 2002. He then joined the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) where he is now Professor. His research group is engaged in a wide range of interdisciplinary research projects at the intersection of interfacial and transport phenomena, material science, and biology for the development of sustainable energy conversion, storage, and efficiency technologies. He has authors more than 160 archival journal publications. He is also the recipient of several awards including the CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation and the Bergles-Rohsenow Young Investigator Award in Heat Transfer from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). He is a Fellow of ASME and a member of the Scientific Council of the International Center for Heat and Mass Transfer (ICHMT).