Finding REFUGE in Education

Nyawelo was addressing the 2017 cohort of the Refugees Exploring the Foundations of Undergraduate Education In Science (REFUGES) Bridge Program. Based in the Center for Science and Math Education at the U, the program aims to encourage underrepresented students to pursue science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) education at the university level. The seven-week program gives freshman the opportunity to live on campus with free meals, housing, tuition and to earn credits toward their degree.

Many of the students were recruited from the REFUGES afterschool program that has provided tutoring, hands-on STEM workshops, college prep classes, and financial aid workshops to over 200 underrepresented students in Salt Lake City. Nyawelo and community partners founded REFUGES to address the challenges faced by refugee youth, minorities, women, and economically disadvantaged students in Utah schools.

Nyawelo, whose family fled violence at the outbreak of the Sudanese civil war, drew on his own experiences to build REFUGES from scratch. He fell in love with physics as a high schooler in South Sudan, and left the unrest in his country to pursue graduate studies in Europe. When he moved to Utah to join the U faculty, he wanted to pay it forward.

“I see myself in those kids who are brought here as a refugee, maybe haven’t had schooling in the camps, and have no English. It’s such a big transition,” says Nyawelo, who is also director of REFUGES and director of diversity & recruitment for CSME. “I’m so passionate about this because I got a lot of help with my education. Mentors and outreach programs in Sudan linked me to my PhD and post-doc studies in Europe, and I didn’t pay a penny for my education. That was something that gave me a good feeling, and want to give back.”

Bridging the gap

The Summer Bridge program gives students an introduction to college life with a built-in support system; they live in the dorms, go on excursions, and tour research labs together to build a strong sense of community. For the first time this summer, the program is collaborating with the Department of Mathematics and the LEAP; the students will complete two for-credit courses that help prepare them for success in STEM. These two courses will count toward general education credits to get one step closer to their degree. The small class sizes and supportive instructors and administrators help ease the transition for the students, many of whom are the first in their family to attend college. During the academic year, Bridge students will continue in the LEAP learning community, and will have opportunities to engage in internship and research experiences.

“A freshman in college has to do all these things, and it’s really overwhelming,” says Allyson Rocks, academic coordinator for CSME, who runs logistics for the summer bridge. “The bridge program is a good way to get used to things instead of getting it all dumped in one semester.”

Both the REFUGES summer bridge and afterschool programs have been part of the CSME since 2013. The partnership was a perfect fit; one of the center’s core missions is to increase access to U science and math programming, says Jordan Gerton, director of the CSME. The Bridge program is one of many of the CSME’s efforts to increase diversity in STEM disciplines, including the collaborative Utah Pathways to STEM Initiative. Yet REFUGES is unique in that it sets nontraditional students up for success as undergraduates long before they begin college applications.

“When students aren’t getting a lot of support at home—their family is working, doesn’t know English very well, doesn’t know the school system — they’re much more likely to fall behind, even if they have talent and determination,” says Gerton. “We can’t change the school system, so REFUGES went outside of school to provide that support to keep them moving forward.”

The summer bridge is funded by a StepUP READY Grant provided by the Utah System of Higher Education, and the CMSE and the College of Science support the salaries of REFUGES staff. The program’s tutors are mainly paid by grants, including from the Department of Workforce Services, and Sudanese Community in Utah.

Being part of the U helps the students access an amazing team of undergraduate tutors from the College of Science and College of Engineering, many of whom went through the REFUGES program themselves.

“We hire those students because they look like the REFUGES students. In my experience, I was always unique in my field of theoretical physics. Most of the time, I was the only black person. That’s hard.” Nyawelo says. “Seeing someone who looks like them gives them confidence. They say, ‘If you made it to the U, and you came, like us, as a refugee, then we can make it, too.’”

The afterschool program

Like many bridge participants, Jolly Karungi has had REFUGES in her life for years. Karungi began the afterschool program in 2015, a year after moving to Utah from a refugee camp in Uganda. Originally from the Democratic Republic of Congo, Karungi, her aunt, and her siblings lived in the camp for three years, moved to Kampala, Uganda for another three years before being resettled in Utah.

“When I came here, I didn’t speak any English, I didn’t understand what was going on. I had to catch up. This program helped me a lot,” she says.

The afterschool program provides homework tutoring three times per week and includes hands-on STEM workshops for grades 7 through 12. High school seniors take ACT prep courses and financial aid workshops to help navigate the complicated college application system. The program has become a family affair; Karungi’s three younger siblings are participating, and their older brother, Fiston Mwesige, couldn’t be prouder.

“They have been through many, many things in the refugee camps from overseas. So, when they come here to a completely different system, they needed some guidance to find their way,” Mwesige says. “Now, they spend most of their time thinking about the future, what they can do, how they can help the community, and how they can make the world a better place.”

The years of hard work paid off — Karungi won a full ride scholarship to the U, and loves living on campus with her friends for the summer. For Karungi, REFUGES offers more than purely academic support.

“People are not just helping you with math and science problems, they’re also helping you with your personal problems,” says Karungi. “It’s the best thing about it. They really care about everyone.”

The REFUGES program has helped over 200 women, refugee, minorities, and economically disadvantaged students across two locations: the U campus and the Salt Lake Center for Science Education. This year, all 12 REFUGES high school seniors from the U site were admitted to the U, and six were offered full ride scholarships to the U or Westminster College. All seniors were offered over $86,000 in FAFSA scholarships. At the Salt Lake Center for Science Education, 17 seniors were accepted to the U, and the 25 students who completed FAFSA received over $200,000 in scholarships.

Building REFUGES from scratch

In 2016, over 65 million people were forced to flee their homes worldwide, according to the United Nations Refugee Agency (UNHCR.) Of those, more than 22 million were considered refugees. Since 1988, Utah has resettled over 65,000 refugees, 99 percent of whom live in Salt Lake City, according to the Department of Workforce Services.

To Nyawelo, the numbers are more than just statistics — many of his friends were resettled in Utah as refugees, including his wife and her family. While pursing graduate studies in Europe, he flew to Salt Lake City frequently, moving officially in 2007 to join the U faculty.

“I knew a lot of refugees in Utah. Some of them were my classmates in South Sudan. I was lucky — I got a scholarship, I went to university. Some of them decided to leave because of a lot of unrest and they ended up here in Utah. I felt like I was home,” says Nywelo.

In 2009, he and other members of the refugee community began noticing high rates of school dropouts. After visiting homes, hosting town hall meetings, and organizing a youth summit, a pattern emerged; many refugee youth come to Utah after being in camps for years with little English and intermittent formal schooling. When they arrive in Utah, the school system places them in a grade based on their age, leaving many feeling overwhelmed and left behind.

Osman Ahmed of the Department of Workforce Services is one of the community leaders who teamed up with Nyawelo to find the root of the issue. His son is one of the 15 students in the summer bridge program.

“We are so grateful to the University of Utah. There are a lot of institutions today with their doors closed to students like our kids, and it’s hard to unlock the door,” says Ahmed. “Tino is trying to create good citizens who are contributing to society. We don’t want to be seen as a refugee who came here, who are depending on your system, on your taxes. We want to be seen like these kids becoming engineers, doctors, nurses, or whatever field they choose.”

After winning a grant from the Refugee Services Office, the program expanded to help other communities who were experiencing similar problems, such as immigrant populations and economically disadvantaged students. There is nothing like REFUGES because there is nothing quite like Nyawelo and the refugee community in Utah, says Gerton.

“This would be not at all possible without Tino. You have to have the right people who have the right intentions, the right backgrounds, and the right commitments in place. Tino comes from one of the key refugee communities on Earth, South Sudan. He also happens to be a scientist, and he also happens to really want to help the community. He built this with his partners originally from scratch,” says Gerton. “He’s pretty much just one of a kind.”